The London Underground system is not only the oldest of its kind worldwide, but also one of the busiest, serving

approximately a billion passengers annually. Both of these characteristics induce an accelerating necessity for

maintenance and rehabilitation of the present infrastructure, which of course includes the upgrading and extension

of existing underground stations. Next to that, especially with London being one of the most condensed regions in

the world, influence of tunnelling works on the built environment can hardly be overmatched. This poses a huge

challenge for the designer, who comes to develop an appropriate balancing solution that guarantees, apart from the

new structure’s safety, the functionality and structural integrity of the existing neighbouring structures and

surrounding assets and utilities. In that sense, the design is strongly dependent on the different life-cycle stages of

the individual elements within the same system due to the varying construction types, building standards and

philosophies, varying ages and maintenance levels, and socioeconomic priorities. For this challenge to be confronted

in practice, prediction of deformations during construction is a key-agent, whereat the successful combination of

three main features can be signified: (a) advanced finite element modelling, (b) expertise-based assumptions, and (c)

response monitoring of the existing assets throughout the entire project execution phase. These critical aspects of

urban tunnelling are discussed on the basis of the accomplishment of the London Underground’s Green Park station

extension and upgrading project, while the experience gained from the completion of this project may provide a

solid reference for future cases.